Tuberculosis:-History of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a severe lung disease caused by bacteria, which spreads through coughing, sneezing, or singing. Tuberculosis (TB) is a complex disease influenced by various factors that can increase the risk of infection and the likelihood of developing active TB disease.

Stages of Tuberculosis:-

1. Primary stage
2. Latent TB Infection
3. Active TB Disease

1. Primary stage:-Tuberculosis (TB) can be categorized into direct, progressive-primary, and post-primary forms based on its natural history, with post-primary TB often resulting from the reactivation of a latent primary infection or a previously sensitized host. Primary TB causes fever, chills, malaise, weight loss, and persistent cough, while secondary TB presents with fever, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis.

2. Latent TB Infection (LTBI):-In the US, 13 million people may have latent TB infection, with 1 in 10 likely to develop TB disease. Latent tuberculosis is prevalent in India, affecting approximately 40% of the population. Vitamin D has been found to enhance the immune system’s capacity to combat the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium for the first time. Latent TB bacteria can reappear due to lifestyle stress or immune-weakened illnesses. People with latent TB cannot transmit the infection to others and can continue their usual activities. Despite being highly contagious, TB is treatable. Regular medication and following the prescribed course are the best ways to avoid complications and complete the full course of treatment.

3. Active TB Disease:-Latent TB patients, who do not display symptoms or spread the disease, may develop active TB if they lack proper treatment. TB patients engage in simple activities like a brisk walk outdoors to combat their symptoms. Active TB disease symptoms include coughing, chest pain, breathing or coughing pain, fever, chills, night, sweats, and weight loss.

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